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The more force you act on the ball with (harder you throw) the longer it will take for that deceleration to reach zero. Of course, if you change the properties of the ball (make it heavier or less aerodynamic) then the deceleration will reach zero in a shorter time.
That is because the velocity at which the ball is traveling is faster when you throw it harder/higher. The rate of change is constant so the longer time it is airborne is due the additional length of time it takes to decelerate it at the same constant rate…
The more force you act on the ball with (harder you throw) the longer it will take for that deceleration to reach zero. Of course, if you change the properties of the ball (make it heavier or less aerodynamic) then the deceleration will reach zero in a shorter time.
Imagine a single cylinder 4 stroke engine. The only time that the engine accelerates is during the power stroke. During the power stroke, the acceleration of the flywheel is a function of the force on the piston. During the exhaust, intake, and compression stroke the flywheel is slowing. As long as the acceleration over the power stroke is higher than the deceleration over the following 3 strokes, there will be a net acceleration over the cycle. If you cut the fuel for the next power stroke, the acceleration gets negated. On our engines, this happens very quickly at 6000RPM and there are 4 cylinders, but the physics remain the same.