Basically I am wondering the direction of the flow of the oil through the engine, filters, oil tank, and oil cooler.

At what points in the process does the oil go through the filters?

For example does the oil go from the engine to the oil cooler, then to the oil tank, then through the large filter, then to the engine, then to the small oil filter and back to the oil cooler. I'm just curious.

 

Let's say if the oil starts from the oil tank, it goes to oil pump and through a pressure relief valve, to the 2nd oil filter at the engine, to the following components (piston, oil pressure sensor, oil temperature sensor, crankshaft, timing chain tensioner, camshaft) and drips down to the sump pump.

The sump pump picks it up and pump the oil through the oil filter on the bottom of the oil tank and back into the oil tank again.

A separate circuit on the bottom of the oil tank with a thermostate determines if the oil is hot enough to go to the oil cooler in the front of the car.